长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉在单纯性胸腰椎压缩性骨折复位固定中的应用及对肌肉损伤的影响

目的分析长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉经 Wiltse入路在单纯性胸腰椎压缩性骨折中的应用效果及对肌肉损伤的影响。方法选取自 2018年 1月至 2020年 8月周口市中心医院收治的单纯性胸腰椎压缩性骨折病人 87例，根据复位固定术式不同，分为观察组 38例、对照组 49例，其中观察组采取长臂单轴椎弓根螺钉经 Wiltse入路，对照组采取 AF系统经传统后正中入路。记录两组病人围术期指标、手术前后血清肌肉损伤指标［肌酸激酶( CK)、肌红蛋白( Mb)］变化；采用疼痛视觉模拟评分( VAS)评价病人不同时间节点疼痛水平；经胸腰椎正侧位片检查获取伤椎原始高度( H0)、术前及术后 1周伤椎椎体前缘高度( H1H2)，计算术前、术后 1周伤椎相对高度( H1/H0、H2/H0)及伤椎复位率，并测量矢状位 Cobb角变化；随访 3个月，采用 Oswestry功能障、碍指数( ODI)评价功能障碍情况，并统计手术相关并发症。结果观察组手术时长、术中失血量、术后引流量及首次下床活动时间均明显短于或低于对照组( P<0.05)。术后 3d，两组血清 CK、Mb水平均较术前升高( P<0.05)，且观察组血清 CK、Mb水平     

Sagittal spinal alignment deviation in the general elderly population: a Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

It is widely recognized that sagittal spinal alignment changes with age. However, there are presently no clear benchmarks for such values or those for the cervical spine in the general population. Quality epidemiological studies are needed to establish standards for spinal alignment deviation.

Intraspinal anomalies: presentation,assessment, treatment and association with the development of scoliosis

The most common congenital intraspinal abnormalities presenting to medical attention is either a Chiari malformation with or without associated syringomyelia or caudal anomalies, such as tethered cord and fatty filum terminale. These intraspinal defects are usually diagnosed at birth or in early childhood, but they may also be identified in adult life due to newly presented neurological symptoms. Availability and use of appropriate imaging modalities, such as MRI and regular fetal screening has reduced the incidence of delayed diagnosis of spinal dysraphism and other accompanying congenital systemic anomalies. In view of the risk for neurological complications, prophylactic surgery is often recommended in spinal dysraphism; hence knowledge of various intraspinal abnormalities, their clinical presentation and natural history will allow early diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent neurological deterioration and irreversible morbidity. This review summarizes the embryological aspects and clinical manifestations of intraspinal abnormalities and provides a rational approach for evaluation and management in this group of patients.     

Five-year follow-up of clinical and radiological outcomes of LP-ESP elastomeric lumbar total disc replacement in active patients

Background context

The surgical treatment of degenerative disc disease at the lumbar spine may involve fusion. Total disc replacement (TDR) is an alternative treatment to avoid fusion-related adverse events, specifically adjacent segment disease. New generation of elastomeric non-articulating devices has been developed to more effectively replicate the shock absorption and flexural stiffness of native disc.

Corticosterone-mediated microglia activation affects dendritic spine plasticity and motor learning functions in minimal hepatic encephalopathy

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is characterized as cognitive deficits including memory and learning dysfunctions after liver injuries or hepatic diseases. Our understandings of neurological mechanisms of MHE-associated cognitive syndromes, however, are far from complete. In the current study we generated a mouse MHE model by repetitive administrations of thioacetamide (TAA), which induced hyperammonemia plus elevated proinflammatory cytokines in both the general circulation and motor cortex. MHE mice presented prominent motor learning deficits, which were associated with excess dendritic spine pruning in the motor cortex under 2-photon in vivo microscopy. The pharmaceutical blockade of glucocorticoid receptor or suppression of its biosynthesis further rescued motor learning deficits and synaptic protein loss. Moreover, MHE mice presented microglial activation, which can be alleviated after glucocorticoid pathway inhibition. In sum, our data demonstrates corticosterone-induced microglial activation, synaptic over-pruning and motor learning impairments in MHE, providing new insights for MHE pathogenesis and potential targets of clinical interventions.     

Selective blocking laminoplasty in cervical laminectomy and fusion to prevent postoperative C5 palsy

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Cervical laminectomy and fusion (CLF) is a common surgical option for multilevel cord compression. Postoperative C5 palsy occurrence after CLF has been a vexing problem for spine physicians. The posterior shift of the cord following laminectomy has been implicated as a major factor for postoperative C5 palsy, but attempts by spine surgeons to mitigate excessive shift while providing sufficient decompression have not been well reported.

胸腰椎椎板切除减压术后中枢神经系统感染及其危险因素

目的:分析胸腰椎椎板切除减压术后中枢神经系统感染及其危险因素。方法:2015年6月~2018年9月于我院接受后路椎板切除减压手术的患者共2632例,其中8例出现术后中枢神经系统感染,男5例,女3例,年龄为55.8±9.3岁(41~69岁)。8例均出现高热,7例出现头痛,4例出现不同程度意识障碍,7例出现颈抵抗。除1例患者血白细胞计数正常,其余患者的血白细胞计数、C反应蛋白及血沉均升高。8例脑脊液检查均表现为白细胞显著增加、葡萄糖降低、蛋白升高,1例患者脑脊液及血液细菌培养为金黄色葡萄球菌阳性,其余患者细菌培养均为阴性。8例患者头部CT均无异常。1例患者胸椎MRI提示切口深部感染,1例腰椎MRI提示硬膜内脑脊液异常T2WI信号改变。记录8例患者的治疗及随访结果。根据是否发生术后中枢神经系统感染将患者分为两组,使用卡方检验分析两组患者的术前诊断、手术时间、术中出血量、手术节段、留置引流管时间、是否发生硬膜撕裂及手术部位感染等因素是否存在统计学差异。结果:1例切口深部感染患者行清创手术,8例患者均接受18.50±3.07d(14~24d)抗生素治疗后症状及体征完全消失,血常规、C反应蛋白及血沉正常。随访20.50±8.19个月(12~36个月),所有患者至末次随访时均无发热、头痛、颈抵抗或意识障碍,血常规、C反应蛋白及血沉均正常。卡方检验显示手术节段≥3及硬膜撕裂在两组患者间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其余因素两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:术后中枢神经系统感染是胸腰椎椎板切除减压手术后罕见的并发症。当胸腰椎椎板切除减压手术后患者出现发热、头痛、颈抵抗和意识障碍时应尽快实施腰穿脑脊液检查,早期诊断和及时应用抗生素治疗可获得良好的结果。手术节段≥3及硬膜撕裂与发生术后中枢神经系统感染密切相关。